Which of the following is commonly associated with tornadoes?

The association between tornadoes and rain, hail, or thunderstorms is rooted in the atmospheric conditions that typically lead to the formation of tornadoes. Tornadoes often develop from severe thunderstorms, particularly supercell thunderstorms, which are characterized by strong rotating updrafts. These storms can produce heavy rain and large hail as part of their development.

Furthermore, the presence of thunderstorms indicates instability in the atmosphere, where warm, moist air at the surface can rise into cooler, drier air aloft, creating the conditions favorable for tornado formation. Typically, when a tornado occurs, it is often accompanied by severe weather, including downpours of rain, potentially destructive hail, and strong winds. Clear skies and sunny weather, in contrast, do not have the necessary atmospheric dynamics for tornado formation, and earthquakes are a completely different natural phenomenon unrelated to tornadoes. Thus, the correct answer emphasizes the link between tornadoes and severe storm conditions rather than calm or unrelated weather phenomena.