What enhances the artistic portrayal by Renaissance painters according to the text?

The application of scientific study significantly enhances the artistic portrayal by Renaissance painters. During the Renaissance period, artists began to deeply engage with the principles of anatomy, perspective, and light, which were grounded in scientific inquiry and observation. This rigorous approach allowed them to create more lifelike and three-dimensional representations in their art. By understanding the human body and the way light interacts with surfaces, artists could depict their subjects with greater accuracy and emotional depth, making their work more relatable and impactful to viewers. This emphasis on a scientific understanding of the world around them marked a shift from previous artistic traditions, leading to a more profound level of realism and innovation in art.